1860 New Reverse

Philadelphia struck 22,675 quarter eagles for the 1860 calendar year across both reverse hub types, with the New Reverse accounting for the larger share of surviving pieces and serving as the more frequently encountered of the two die families. The New Reverse hub introduced during 1859 carried over into 1860 production as Mint engravers transitioned working dies to the modified eagle design, and the year marks the second and effectively final stretch where the older 1840-era hub still appeared alongside the new tooling. By 1861 the changeover was complete and only the New Reverse hub remained in regular use. Collectors and researchers separate the two 1860 reverses by direct visual comparison against published reference plates from David Akers and Q. David Bowers, with the New Reverse showing tighter eagle proportions, refined shield outline, and the spacing of arrows and olive branch in the eagle's claws.

Authentication of the 1860 New Reverse rests on hub examination first and physical verification second. The reverse die comparison should be done under 5x to 10x magnification against confirmed New Reverse plates, with attention to eagle wing geometry, shield-outline thickness, and the angular relationships within the claw devices. Misattribution between the two 1860 reverse types is the most common error rather than counterfeiting, since both hubs are genuine federal production and many raw or older-holdered examples carry no reverse-type designation at all. Physical verification confirms the planchet weight at 4.18 grams against the 0.900 fineness standard, with diameter at 18 millimeters and a fully reeded edge. Specific gravity should test near 17.2 on the 90-percent gold alloy, and any reading outside that range flags a base-metal core or substitution.

Survivor estimates for the New Reverse run into the high hundreds across all grades, with circulated examples appearing at major auctions on a steady basis and About Uncirculated coins available with patient searching. Mint State pieces are scarcer than the umbrella mintage suggests, since most surviving examples show cabinet friction or light bagmarks consistent with the original commercial role of the small gold denomination. The 1860 New Reverse sits as a Semi-Key entry in the early Civil War-era Philadelphia run, available without major effort but requiring proper attribution before paying type-specific premiums. See the full Liberty Head Quarter Eagle series history.